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Figure of merit of iEverred Thermoelectric devices

The figure of merit for thermoelectric devices is defined as

where �� is the electrical conductivity, �� is the thermal conductivity, and S is the Seebeck coefficient or thermopower (conventionally in ��V/K). This is more commonly expressed as the dimensionless figure of merit ZT by multiplying it with the average temperature ((T2 + T1) / 2). Greater values of ZT indicate greater thermodynamic efficiency, subject to certain provisions, particularly the requirement that the two materials of the couple have similar Z values. ZT is therefore a very convenient figure for comparing the potential efficiency of devices using different materials. Values of ZT=1 are considered good, and values of at least the 3�C4 range are considered to be essential for thermoelectrics to compete with mechanical generation and refrigeration in efficiency. To date, the best reported ZT values have been in the 2�C3 range. Much research in thermoelectric materials has focused on increasing the Seebeck coefficient and reducing the thermal conductivity, especially by manipulating the nanostructure of the materials.

S , σ , κ Value Range of iEverred Thermoelectric Material
S (μV/K)	185	190	195	200	205	210	215	220
σ (1/cm. Ω)	1262	1197	1136	1080	1028	980	935	893
κ= 0.016 (w/cm.°C)